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Oncology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer—a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Cancer care involves a multidisciplinary approach, including medical, surgical, and radiation oncologists, who work together to provide comprehensive treatment. Patients may undergo various therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or targeted treatments based on the type and stage of cancer. Early detection through regular screenings and healthy lifestyle choices plays a crucial role in cancer prevention and successful outcomes. In addition to curative treatments, supportive and palliative care are essential components of oncology, addressing the physical and emotional well-being of patients throughout their journey. Advances in research, particularly in personalized medicine and immunotherapy, are continuously transforming the landscape of cancer care, offering new hope to patients worldwide.